Old World monkeys - those living in Africa and Asia - are very different from New World monkeys in Central and Central America. In fact, they are more closely related to apes (chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, and gibbons) than the small American rain forests. Old World monkeys are often larger than those of the New World and often live in highly organized community groups. None of them have a prehensile tail that is a trademark of the United States. The species of monkeys in the ancient world include: The mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx) of West Africa's rainforest is the largest and most colorful monkey in the world.
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One species, Hanuman langur (Semnopithecus entellus), is named after the Indian god Hanuman and is a sacred Indian monkey. Depending on the sex and the species, the weight of these animals can range from 20 to 40 pounds [7 to 40 kg]. Some langurs spend most of their time eating on the floor; others, such as the Javan langur (Trachypithecus auratus) shown here, are arboreal. The IUCN lists 18 species of langur as “endangered” or “endangered.” In the rain forests of Africa, there are five species of black and white monkeys and 9 species of red colobus. One thing all colors have in common is that, unlike other monkeys, they have no tangible (flexible and useful) thumbs in their hands.
Colobus monkeys spend most of their time in the rainforest, where they often jump from one tree to another. They live in groups led by a prominent person. Red colobus monkeys are known to be a favorite of male chimpanzees when hunting. The IUCN counts five out of nine.
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